Who should I ask to create a new domain name extension: to an accredited Registrar or directly to a backend Registry provider?

If you're asking about creating a new domain name extension (like .best, .boutique, or even your own brand's .yourcompany), you cannot do this through an accredited Registrar or a typical backend Registry provider in the way you'd register a regular domain name.

Creating a new domain name extension (also known as a Top-Level Domain or TLD) is a highly complex, expensive, and infrequent process governed by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).

Here's why and who you would need to approach:

• ICANN is the ultimate authority: ICANN is responsible for managing the global Domain Name System (DNS) and the root zone of the internet. They are the ones who approve and delegate new TLDs.
• The New gTLD Program: ICANN runs specific "New gTLD Programs" where organizations can apply to operate a new generic Top-Level Domain. These application windows are infrequent, highly competitive, and involve a rigorous evaluation process.
• Requirements for application: To even be considered, applicants need to demonstrate significant operational, technical, and financial capability to run a registry. This includes:
  • Substantial financial investment: Application fees alone are in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, plus ongoing operational costs.
  • Technical infrastructure: You need to have the systems and expertise to operate a secure and stable registry for the TLD.
  • Operational plans: Detailed plans for managing registrations, handling disputes, and ensuring compliance.
  • Legal and corporate structure: You'll need to demonstrate a robust legal and corporate framework.

In summary:

• Accredited Registrars (like GoDaddy, Namecheap, Gandi) are where you buy existing domain names (e.g., https://www.google.com/search?q=yourwebsite.com or yourwebsite.app). They do not create new extensions.
• Backend Registry providers (like Verisign for .com and .net, or Public Interest Registry for .org) are the entities that operate the database for a specific TLD. They are delegated this authority by ICANN, and you cannot directly ask them to create a new TLD unless you are applying to be a registry operator yourself through ICANN's program.

If you're an individual or a small business looking for a unique online presence without going through the immense process of creating a new TLD, consider these alternatives:

• Creative use of existing TLDs: Explore less common but relevant TLDs (e.g., .io for tech, .me for personal brands, .shop for e-commerce).
• Subdomains: Create subdomains under an existing domain you own (e.g., https://www.google.com/search?q=blog.yourcompany.com).
• Custom URL shorteners: Use a service like Bitly or TinyURL to create branded short links.

If you are a large corporation or organization with significant resources and a strategic need to have your own branded TLD (e.g., .toyota, .google), then you would need to monitor ICANN's announcements for the next round of its New gTLD Program and prepare a comprehensive application.