The .GARAGE new gTLD: how many garages exist worldwide?

It's challenging to provide a precise, single number for "how many garages exist worldwide" because the definition of "garage" can vary (e.g., a car repair shop, a parking garage, a residential garage, a self-storage unit). However, based on the search results, here's what we can gather:

• Garage Companies/Businesses: BoldData states that the total number of "garages companies" in the world is 4,647,712. This likely refers to businesses involved in vehicle repair and maintenance. They also provide a figure of 1,817,278 for the total number of "Garages" (which might be a more specific subset of the former).
• Parking Lots & Garages (US Specific): IBISWorld reports 7,307 Parking Lots & Garages businesses in the US as of 2024. This is a very specific category, likely referring to commercial parking facilities.
• Parking Spaces: The US alone has over 2 billion parking spaces for about 250 million cars, though this includes all types of parking, not just enclosed garages.

Regarding the .GARAGE new gTLD:

The .GARAGE new gTLD is part of ICANN's (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) New Generic Top-Level Domain (gTLD) Program. This program allows for the creation of new domain extensions beyond traditional ones like .com or .org. The goal is to encourage innovation, competition, and consumer choice in the domain name system.

While the number of physical garages is vast and varied, the .GARAGE gTLD would be a digital space for businesses or entities related to garages in any of their forms (automotive services, parking, storage, etc.) to establish their online presence.

The .SEO new gTLD: how many SEO specialists exist worldwide?

While an exact, definitive global number of SEO specialists is difficult to pinpoint due to the nature of self-reported roles and evolving job titles, data from LinkedIn provides a strong estimate.

According to a recent report (June 2025), there are over 1 million SEO experts in the United States and more than 722,000 in India based on LinkedIn profiles. Other countries with significant numbers include:

• United Kingdom: 288,000
• Pakistan: 196,000
• France: 142,000
• Spain: 132,000

Considering these top countries alone, the number easily surpasses 2.4 million. When factoring in other countries and the various ways individuals might list their SEO-related skills or job titles, the global total would likely be considerably higher.

It's also worth noting that the SEO industry is dynamic, with demand for SEO professionals continuing to rise, as evidenced by increasing job postings and market valuations. Many companies also adopt a hybrid approach, combining in-house talent with outsourced support, further diversifying the landscape of SEO professionals.

The .MARINA new gTLD: how many marinas are there worldwide?

According to industry statistics from ICOMIA (International Council of Marine Industry Associations), there are more than 25,000 marinas globally, providing over 10 million berths. Other sources also cite figures around 30,000 marinas and shipyards worldwide.

It's worth noting that the number of marinas can vary slightly depending on how they are categorized and reported by different countries and organizations. For example, some reports focus specifically on Europe, where there are over 4,500 inland and coastal marinas.

Regarding the ".MARINA" new gTLD, this is part of ICANN's (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) New Generic Top-Level Domain (gTLD) Program. This program allows for the creation of new domain extensions beyond traditional ones like .com or .org. While the concept of new gTLDs has been around for some time, ICANN continues to plan for future rounds of applications.

What would it cost to acquire the existing .CEO new gTLD Registry if it was for sale?

Acquiring the existing .CEO gTLD Registry would involve a negotiated sale, and the price would depend heavily on its performance and the owner's willingness to sell. There's no fixed "market price" for individual gTLDs like there is for, say, a barrel of oil.

Here's an breakdown of the factors that would determine the cost, and what we know about .CEO that might influence it:

Key Factors for .CEO's Value:

1. Registry Operator and History:
   • The .CEO gTLD is operated by CEOTLD Pty Ltd. They were one of the applicants in the 2012 ICANN New gTLD Program.
   • It launched around March 2014.
2. Number of Active Registrations: This is the most crucial factor. The value of a gTLD registry is largely derived from its recurring revenue from domain renewals.
   • When it launched, there was some initial excitement, with reports of "hundreds already registered and thousands more on the wait list" and plans to release 45,000 "premium" .CEO names.
   • However, a report from May 2014, not long after launch, indicated the company had 1,023 domain registrations, with 93 of those being "promo" (likely free). This suggests that initial growth may have been slower than anticipated for a premium-priced TLD.
   • To get a precise valuation, you would need current, audited registration numbers for .CEO. This data is typically not publicly available for individual gTLDs unless disclosed by the registry or through market research firms that track domain volumes. Without this, any price is speculative.
3. Wholesale Pricing and Revenue:
   • Registrar prices for .CEO vary, but typically range from $80 to $150+ per year for renewals, with some initial registration promotions being much lower (e.g., $9.99).
   • The registry (CEOTLD Pty Ltd.) sets the wholesale price that registrars pay them. A higher wholesale price, combined with a healthy number of renewals, means greater revenue for the registry.
4. Market Niche and Brandability:
   • ".CEO" is a highly specific, professional gTLD. Its target market is clearly defined (Chief Executive Officers). This can be a strength (highly targeted audience) or a weakness (limited market size compared to generic gTLDs like .com or .online).
   • It offers a clear brand identity, which is appealing to its niche.
5. Marketing and Brand Recognition:
   • Has CEOTLD Pty Ltd. invested heavily in marketing and building the .CEO brand? If it's a recognized and respected TLD within its niche, that adds value.
6. Operational Efficiency and Contracts:
   • What are the terms of their contract with ICANN? Are there any compliance issues?
   • What are their agreements with their backend Registry Service Provider? Are these contracts favorable?

Estimated Cost (Highly Speculative without current data):

Given the likely relatively niche market and past indicators of registration volume, it's highly improbable that .CEO would command prices in the tens of millions seen for generic gTLDs like .app or .shop.

If the registry is not experiencing significant, sustained growth in registrations, the acquisition price would likely be:

• Low to Mid Six Figures (USD $100,000 - $500,000+): This would cover the value of the string itself, the existing infrastructure, and any current (but perhaps limited) recurring revenue. This price point would be more likely if the current owner is looking to exit and the number of active domains is relatively low (e.g., in the low thousands).
• Potentially up to a few million dollars: If .CEO has managed to build a substantial base of high-value, actively used domains (e.g., tens of thousands or more) and has a strong, profitable renewal rate, the price could escalate into the lower millions. This would require robust financial performance.

To get an accurate price, you would need to:

1. Approach CEOTLD Pty Ltd. directly to inquire about a sale.
2. Conduct thorough due diligence, including:
   • Reviewing their financial statements (revenue, profit, expenses).
   • Auditing their active domain registration numbers and renewal rates.
   • Examining their contracts with ICANN and their Registry Service Provider.
   • Assessing their intellectual property (trademarks, etc.) and any legal liabilities.

Without access to the actual registration data and financial performance of CEOTLD Pty Ltd., any figure is an educated guess. It would be a business acquisition driven by the potential for future revenue from domain sales and renewals within the "CEO" niche.

How much does it cost to acquire an existing new gTLD Registry?

Acquiring an existing new gTLD Registry is a different ball game compared to applying for a new one from ICANN. It's essentially a business acquisition, and the price will vary dramatically based on several key factors:

1. The gTLD String Itself:
   • Popularity/Brandability: Generic, short, and highly desirable strings (e.g., .app, .shop, .web) command enormous prices because they have broad appeal and high potential for domain registrations.
   • Specificity/Niche: More niche or specific gTLDs (e.g., .florist, .plumbing, .museum) will generally be less expensive, as their market is smaller.
   • Perceived Value: Some gTLDs are seen as "premium" due to their potential for high-value domain names or specific industry targeting.
2. Number of Active Registrations:
   • This is often the most significant factor. A gTLD with a large and growing base of active domain registrations represents a stable revenue stream for the registry. The more domains registered, the more valuable the registry.
   • A gTLD with very few registrations will be worth significantly less, as the buyer is primarily acquiring the "right" to operate it and then must invest heavily in marketing to build up the registration base.
3. Revenue and Profitability:
   • Is the registry currently profitable? What are its wholesale pricing structures for registrars? Are there premium domains being sold at higher prices?
   • Buyers will assess the existing revenue streams from renewals, new registrations, and premium sales.
4. Existing Infrastructure and Operations:
   • Does the registry have a robust and reliable backend system? Are its contracts with its Registry Service Provider (RSP) favorable?
   • Are there any existing legal disputes or compliance issues with ICANN?
   • A well-run, compliant operation is more valuable.
5. Market Dynamics and Competition:
   • Is the gTLD in a crowded space, or does it have a unique selling proposition?
   • What are the opportunities for growth in its specific market segment?
6. Owner's Motivation:
   • Is the current owner distressed and looking for a quick sale, or are they holding out for a top price? This can significantly influence negotiations.

Examples of Past Acquisitions (to give you a sense of scale):

While direct sales figures for private gTLD acquisitions are often confidential, the ICANN auctions from the 2012 round provide the best public indicators of the potential value of generic strings when multiple parties compete:

• .web: Famously sold for $135 million USD in a private auction after multiple applicants competed. This was acquired by Nu Dot Co LLC, backed by Verisign.
• .app: Sold for $25 million USD to Google.
• .shop: Sold for $41.5 million USD.
• .tech: Sold for $6.76 million USD.
• .realty: Sold for $5.58 million USD.

These are examples of highly generic and desirable strings, often with significant existing and potential registration numbers. Acquiring a less generic or less successful new gTLD would likely be in the hundreds of thousands to a few million dollars range, depending on its specific performance and future potential.

In essence, there is no "average" cost. It's a negotiated price based on the specific assets, revenue, and future potential of that particular gTLD registry. It requires extensive due diligence on the part of the buyer.

How do you value a new gTLD Registry?

Valuing a new gTLD (generic Top-Level Domain) Registry is a complex undertaking, as it's a relatively nascent and evolving market. Unlike established businesses, new gTLDs often lack historical data and proven revenue streams. However, several key factors and valuation methods can be applied:

Key Factors Influencing Value:

1. gTLD Type and Potential Market:
   • Brand gTLDs (.brand): These are exclusive to a single company (e.g., .google, .apple). Their value is primarily in brand protection, marketing, and internal use. Valuation would tie into the brand's overall value, market penetration, and the cost savings/efficiencies gained from having a dedicated namespace.
   • Generic gTLDs (.app, .blog): These are open for public registration. Their value depends on market demand, perceived utility, and the potential for broad adoption.
   • Geographic gTLDs (.paris, .nyc): Value is tied to the popularity and economic activity of the location, as well as local adoption and marketing efforts.
   • Community gTLDs (.sport, .ngo): Value comes from the strength and engagement of the community it serves.
2. Domain Name Registration Potential:
   • Number of Registrations: The core revenue for most open gTLDs comes from domain registrations. Projecting the number of domains registered over time is crucial.
   • Premium Domains: Many gTLDs have a "premium" list of highly desirable domain names (e.g., single words, common terms) that can be sold at a much higher price. The size and value of this premium inventory are significant.
   • Pricing Strategy: The registry's pricing strategy (wholesale and retail) for standard and premium domains directly impacts revenue.
   • Renewal Rates: The percentage of domains that are renewed annually is vital for long-term revenue stability.
3. Registry Operations and Costs:
   • ICANN Fees: There are significant initial application fees (e.g., $185,000 for the ICANN application fee alone) and ongoing annual maintenance fees.
   • Registry Service Provider (RSP) Costs: The cost of the backend technical infrastructure and services provided by an RSP is a major operational expense.
   • Marketing and Sales Expenses: New gTLDs require substantial marketing efforts to gain awareness and drive registrations.
   • Administrative and Legal Costs: Ongoing legal and administrative expenses associated with operating a registry.
4. Competitive Landscape:
   • Existing gTLDs: How does the new gTLD compete with established gTLDs like .com, .net, and other new gTLDs?
   • Uniqueness and Differentiation: Does the new gTLD offer a unique value proposition or target a specific niche that differentiates it from competitors?
5. Regulatory and Policy Environment:
   • ICANN Regulations: Adherence to ICANN policies and potential changes in regulations can impact operations and costs.
   • Trademark Protection: The effectiveness of rights protection mechanisms within the gTLD.

Valuation Methods:

Given the specific characteristics of gTLD registries, a combination of valuation methods is often employed:

1. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis: This is often the most suitable method. It involves:
   • Forecasting Revenue: Projecting future domain registrations (both standard and premium), renewal rates, and pricing to estimate revenue streams for a given period (e.g., 5-10 years).
   • Forecasting Expenses: Estimating all operational costs, including ICANN fees, RSP fees, marketing, and administrative expenses.
   • Calculating Free Cash Flow: Determining the cash flow generated by the registry after all expenses and investments.
   • Discounting Future Cash Flows: Using a discount rate (reflecting the risk of the venture) to bring future cash flows back to their present value.
   • Terminal Value: Estimating the value of the registry beyond the explicit forecast period.
2. Market Multiples / Comparable Company Analysis:
   • This method involves comparing the new gTLD registry to similar, publicly traded domain name registries or related internet infrastructure companies.
   • Look at metrics like Price/Sales, Price/Earnings (if profitable), or Enterprise Value/EBITDA.
   • The challenge here is finding truly comparable companies, as the gTLD market is still relatively small and unique.
3. Cost-Based Valuation:
   • This method assesses the value based on the costs incurred to establish the registry (application fees, initial setup, legal, etc.).
   • While useful for understanding initial investment, it doesn't reflect the future earning potential or market demand, so it's rarely used as the sole valuation method.
4. Option Valuation (for highly uncertain scenarios):
   • In cases of very high uncertainty, a new gTLD can be viewed as an option. This can be complex and typically requires specialized financial modeling.

Challenges in Valuation:

• Uncertainty of Adoption: Predicting how many people or businesses will register domains under a new gTLD is inherently difficult.
• Long Time to Profitability: Many new gTLDs take several years to become profitable, requiring significant upfront investment.
• Market Education: Significant effort is often needed to educate the market about the new gTLD and its benefits.
• Competition: The domain name market is highly competitive.

In summary, valuing a new gTLD registry requires a forward-looking approach, heavy reliance on detailed financial projections, and a thorough understanding of the specific gTLD's unique characteristics and market potential. DCF analysis, supported by careful consideration of market comparables and underlying cost structures, is generally the most robust method.

What are the extra costs for reviews in the 2026 ICANN new gTLD application round?

For the 2026 ICANN new gTLD application round, the base evaluation fee is expected to be USD $227,000. However, there are indeed extra costs for certain types of reviews or evaluations that an applicant may choose or be required to undergo. These are often referred to as "conditional evaluations" or "elective assessments."

Here are the primary types of extra costs associated with reviews:

1. Community Priority Evaluation (CPE):
   • Purpose: If an applicant wants their gTLD to be recognized as a "community gTLD" (e.g., .paris, .lgbt), they can apply for a Community Priority Evaluation. This evaluation assesses the legitimacy of the community claim and the applicant's commitment to serving that community.
   • Cost: This is an additional fee. While the exact amount for the 2026 round will be finalized in the Applicant Guidebook (AGB), in the previous round, this was a significant additional cost (e.g., around $60,000 in the 2012 round). It's designed to cover the costs of the specialized panel that reviews these applications.
2. .Brand TLD Status Evaluation:
   • Purpose: If an applicant wants their gTLD to operate under specific rules and protections afforded to ".brand" TLDs (e.g., .google, .apple), they may need to undergo an evaluation to qualify for this status. This can involve demonstrating full control over registrations and a commitment to brand protection.
   • Cost: Similar to CPE, this is an additional fee to cover the specific review process.
3. Objection Filings and Dispute Resolution:
   • Purpose: If your gTLD application receives an objection from another party (e.g., a trademark holder, a community, or a government), you will likely incur significant legal and administrative costs to participate in the dispute resolution process.
   • Cost: These costs are not fixed fees paid directly to ICANN as part of the application but rather fees paid to the dispute resolution service providers and your own legal counsel. These can vary widely depending on the complexity and duration of the dispute, potentially ranging from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars.
     • Legal Objections: Filed by trademark holders.
     • String Confusion Objections: Filed if the applied-for string is too similar to an existing TLD or trademark.
     • Community Objections: Filed if a community believes the gTLD string belongs to them or that the applicant does not adequately represent their interests.
     • Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC) Early Warnings: While not direct objections with a fee, a GAC Early Warning can indicate a potential issue that you might need to address, potentially leading to further costs in responding or modifying your application.
4. Extended Review/Appeals:
   • Purpose: If an application does not pass an initial evaluation, the applicant may have the option to request an extended review or file an appeal.
   • Cost: These processes typically involve additional fees to cover the costs of further evaluation or review by an independent panel.

It's crucial for prospective applicants to budget not only for the base application fee but also for these potential additional costs, especially if they anticipate objections or plan to seek special status for their gTLD (like community or .brand). The final Applicant Guidebook (AGB) for the 2026 round will contain the definitive fee schedule for all these evaluations.

2026 new gTLD applications: what is the name collision risk mitigation?

Name collision risk mitigation is a critical aspect of ICANN's New gTLD Program, and it has evolved significantly since the first round of new gTLD delegations. For the upcoming 2026 application round, ICANN continues to refine its approach to minimize the potential for name collisions and ensure the security and stability of the DNS.

What is Name Collision?

Name collision occurs when a domain name that is used in a private network (e.g., within a corporate intranet) unintentionally resolves to a domain name on the public Internet. For example, if a company uses "internal.corp" within its private network, and then the ".corp" gTLD is delegated on the public Internet, users within that company might experience issues trying to reach their internal "internal.corp" server, as their DNS queries might instead be directed to the public Internet's ".corp" domain. This can lead to security risks, data leakage, and system failures.

Key Mitigation Strategies for 2026 and Beyond:

While the specifics are continuously being refined as part of the "New gTLD Subsequent Procedures Policy Development Process (SubPro)," here are the core elements of ICANN's name collision risk mitigation:

1. Risk Assessment and Categorization of Strings:
   • ICANN conducts extensive studies and analysis (like the Interisle Consulting Group reports and the Name Collisions Analysis Project - NCAP) to identify potential name collision risks associated with applied-for gTLD strings.
   • Strings are categorized based on their risk level (e.g., high-risk, low-risk, uncalculated risk). Certain strings, like ".home" and ".corp," were identified as particularly high-risk and initially withheld from delegation due to their widespread use in private networks.
2. Controlled Interruption (CI):
   • This is a primary mitigation measure. For gTLDs that are determined to have a potential for name collision, ICANN requires a "Controlled Interruption" period, typically 90-120 days, after delegation but before the gTLD is fully activated in the global DNS.
   • During this period, any queries for domains within the new gTLD that match a name on a "collision list" (derived from historical DNS query data) are directed to a special IP address (e.g., 127.0.53.53). This IP address serves as a clear signal to network operators that a name collision might be occurring on their internal network, prompting them to reconfigure their systems.
   • This "controlled interruption" allows network administrators to identify and address any internal conflicts before the new gTLD becomes fully active and widely used.
3. Name Collision Reporting and Emergency Response:
   • ICANN requires registry operators to have mechanisms in place to receive and respond to reports of name collisions.
   • There is a framework for reporting severe harm caused by name collisions, allowing for rapid deactivation of problematic second-level domains (SLDs) or, in extreme cases, even temporary removal of the TLD from the root zone.
4. Information and Outreach Campaigns:
   • ICANN undertakes efforts to educate the community, especially IT professionals and network administrators, about name collision risks and how to identify and mitigate them within their own networks. This involves publishing guides and resources.
5. Technical Requirements for Registry Operators:
   • The Base Registry Agreement for new gTLDs includes provisions related to name collision mitigation, obligating registry operators to implement certain technical measures and cooperate with ICANN's efforts.
6. Ongoing Monitoring and Study:
   • ICANN continues to monitor the DNS for signs of name collisions and conducts further studies to better understand the risks and refine mitigation strategies.

Evolution for 2026:

For the 2026 round, the underlying principles of name collision mitigation remain, but the specifics are being fine-tuned based on lessons learned from the first round. This involves:

• Refined Risk Criteria: Developing more precise criteria and tests to assess name collision risk for any given string before the application window closes (or at least early in the process), to provide applicants with clearer information.
• Integration with Policy Development: The outcomes of the SubPro PDP (Policy Development Process) are being translated into the Applicant Guidebook (AGB) and the Base Registry Agreement, ensuring that name collision mitigation is robustly embedded in the rules and requirements for the next round.
• Emphasis on Shared Accountability: While registry operators bear significant responsibility, there's a recognition of the need for shared accountability across the ecosystem (ICANN, registry operators, and network operators) to effectively address name collision.

The goal is to provide a comprehensive and proactive approach to minimize the risks associated with name collisions, ensuring the continued security, stability, and interoperability of the Internet as the gTLD namespace expands.

New gTLD applications: what are the PICS?

In the context of new gTLD (generic Top-Level Domain) applications to ICANN, PICS stands for Public Interest Commitments.

These are formal commitments made by an applicant for a new gTLD, outlining how they intend to operate their registry in a way that benefits the public interest. PICs are a crucial part of the application process and become legally binding provisions within the Registry Agreement between ICANN and the successful gTLD operator.

Here's a breakdown of what PICS entail and why they are important:

• Purpose: PICs are designed to address concerns from various stakeholders, including governments (through the Governmental Advisory Committee - GAC), civil society, and other public interest groups. They aim to ensure that new gTLDs are operated responsibly and contribute positively to the Internet ecosystem.
• Types of PICs:
  • Mandatory PICs: These are standard commitments that all new gTLD applicants must include. They are generally uniform across all Registry Agreements and often derive from GAC advice.
  • Safeguard PICs: These are required for gTLDs identified as pertaining to sensitive or regulated industries (e.g., .bank, .pharmacy). They aim to provide additional protections for users in these specific sectors.
  • Voluntary PICs (now often referred to as Registry Voluntary Commitments - RVCs): Applicants can propose additional commitments beyond the mandatory and safeguard PICs. These can reflect specific policies, philosophical standpoints, or unique ways the applicant intends to serve the public interest. They might address issues raised in public comments, objections, or GAC early warnings.
• Content of PICs: PICs can cover a wide range of areas, including:
  • Abuse prevention and mitigation: Measures to combat malicious activities like phishing, spam, malware, and botnets within the gTLD.
  • Consumer protection: Policies to safeguard registrants and users from deceptive practices.
  • Data protection and privacy: Commitments related to the handling of personal data.
  • Restrictions on content or registration: For specific types of gTLDs (e.g., community TLDs, brand TLDs, or those for regulated industries), PICs might define who can register domains and what kind of content is permitted. However, ICANN is cautious about content-related commitments that might imply content regulation, ensuring they are legally sound and enforceable.
  • Community support: For community gTLDs, PICs demonstrate the applicant's commitment to the specific community they represent.
• Enforceability: Once included in the Registry Agreement, PICs are legally binding. ICANN has mechanisms, such as the Public Interest Commitment Dispute Resolution Procedure (PICDRP), to address complaints that a Registry Operator may not be complying with their PICs.

In essence, PICs are a way for ICANN to hold new gTLD operators accountable to broader public interest principles and ensure the responsible expansion of the domain name system. They are a critical component of demonstrating an applicant's suitability to operate a new gTLD.

New gTLDs: when creating a new Registry, do you need sales roles?

Yes, when creating a new gTLD (generic Top-Level Domain) Registry, you absolutely need sales roles or a robust sales strategy.

While the core function of a registry is technical operation, maintaining the database of domain names, and ensuring the stability and security of the DNS, a new gTLD needs to attract domain registrations to be successful and generate revenue.

Here's why sales roles are crucial, and how they might manifest in a new gTLD registry:

• Driving Registrations: A new gTLD isn't automatically adopted. Sales and marketing efforts are essential to convince registrars (the companies that directly sell domain names to the public) to offer your new gTLD, and to educate potential registrants about its value.
• Registrar Relationships: Registries don't directly sell to end-users (the people or businesses who register domain names). Instead, they sell to accredited registrars. Sales roles would focus on building and maintaining strong relationships with these registrars, offering incentives, and providing support to encourage them to promote your gTLD.
• Marketing and Promotion: A sales team would work closely with marketing to develop strategies and campaigns to raise awareness and drive demand for the new gTLD. This might involve:
  • Premium Name Sales: Identifying and promoting valuable, short, or highly desirable domain names within your gTLD. This often involves direct sales or auction events.
  • Channel Sales: Working with registrars to set up effective sales channels and provide them with marketing materials.
  • Direct Outreach: For specific niche or brand gTLDs, there might be direct outreach to target businesses or communities.
• Business Development: This could involve identifying new opportunities for your gTLD, forging partnerships, and exploring ways to expand its reach and utility.
• Competitive Landscape: The gTLD market is competitive. A dedicated sales effort is needed to differentiate your gTLD and attract market share, especially against established gTLDs like .com or other new gTLDs.

How Sales Roles Might Be Structured (or Integrated):

• Dedicated Sales Team: For larger or more ambitious gTLDs, a dedicated sales team with account managers for registrars, business development managers, and potentially even marketing specialists focused on sales enablement.
• Business Development/Partnerships Manager: Even if a full sales team isn't immediately feasible, at least one person focused on building relationships with registrars and strategic partners is vital.
• Outsourced Sales/Marketing: Some registries might outsource parts of their sales and marketing efforts to specialized agencies or consultants with experience in the domain industry.
• Registry Service Provider (RSP) Support: Many new gTLD registries utilize RSPs for the technical backend. Some RSPs might offer marketing or sales support services as part of their package, but the ultimate responsibility for driving registrations usually rests with the registry operator.

In essence, while the technical operation is the foundation, a new gTLD registry needs to be treated as a business that requires active promotion and sales to achieve success and sustainability.